To what extent do pressure groups undermine democracy

It is a varied opinion in society that pressure groups undermine democracy: some people believe strongly, some people don’t. It is hard to begin to analyse whether this is the case or not, as there are a varying amount of factors that need to be considered before a final decision and be made. In the first instance of answering this question, we need to find out the two types of pressure groups; elitist pressure groups and pluralist pressure groups.Elitism is the theory that political power is concentrated in the hands of a few, which therefore sort of emphasises a dictatorship in some instances. Whereas the other type of pressure group ideology is the theory of the distribution of political power that holds that power is widely and evenly dispersed in society, rather than concentrated in the hands of an elite or ruling class, which from an outside point of view, would look like it promotes democracy.Supporters of pressure group would lead this on to say that pressure groups en hance this sense of pluralism in our democracy and make our democratic system much more effective. Although the opposite argument to this is that people claim that many organized groups can undermine the policy making process because they are dominated by people with vested interests concerned only to improve the position of certain groups within society, not the welfare of the whole country.Pressure groups also help to promote democracy because they widen the distribution of political power because pressure groups compete against one another and this ensures that no group can remain on top of all the others, so prevents an elitist situation whereby the ideologies pluralism is completely outcast from the situation. However as one group begins to turn more influential, other groups come into existence to combat them and offer rival viewpoints.Due to this, public policy is created through an ongoing debate between rival groups that ensures that political influence is widely and evenly dispersed. However, as we already know, a healthy democracy needs a high level of political participation in order to function correctly. Pressure groups are thought to have a positive effect on political participation because pressure groups support single issue politics because most pressure group are seen to be fighting for one issue, and people like this sense of working to one targeted issue and it has become popular amongst young people  to join in with the grass-roots activism that pressure groups are promoting, so supporters of pressure groups say that they increase political participation.Evidence for this increase in political participation is that in the 2005 general election the turnout was 61. 4%, however the 2010 general election saw a 2 million increase in the electoral turnout to 65%: from 2005 to now, there has been an ever-increasing number of pressure group memberships, so this may show a positive correlation between pressure group memberships and political par ticipation.Supporters of pressure groups would also say that pressure groups are good for democracy as they educate the electorate. Pressure groups promote political debate and argument and in doing this, they give birth to a more educated voter and this then leads to and improved quality of public policy. Without this education, it would be simply down to the media to educate the electorate on this issue, which is a very flimsy way of doing so. Pressure groups also offer alternative view points and widen information available to the public.For example the NSPCC offers a huge education programme on their website in order to educate their members on the wider issues of child cruelty. In many ways, pressure groups are able to raise the quality of political debate by introducing specialist knowledge and greater expertise. However pressure groups do hinder democracy in the sense that they sometimes hold a disproportionate influence over the government due to the power which particular g roups hold. For example the BMA represents only a small proportion of the country.Yet it has great influence over the government because its members provide an important service. A further example of this factor is the NFU. Again, they represent a small proportion of the country, but retain a huge influence over the government as they provide Britain's food supply. Another undemocratic feature of pressure groups is the way in which their influence can rely on financial clout rather than the proportion of public support. This theory applies to many of the protection groups whom have greater capital than many well supported causal groups.An example is Bernie Ecclestone who used to have connections with Tony Blair to arrange a meeting in which the prime minister agreed to extend the deadline for the removal of tobacco advertising in formula one racing by 5 years, a few months later Ecclestone made a 1 million pound donation to the labour party, so connections like this from pressure gr oup members to high profile people, lead to undemocratic things like this occurring. In addition to this, power held by pressure groups can depend on the size of the membership.Initially, this many seem more of a democratic factor rather than a undemocratic feature; surely if a group has a large membership it represents more of public opinion than one which has fewer members. An example which proves this is that of Anti-vivsection. The anti vivisection group has a reasonably large membership, yet the vast majority of the public support animal testing for medical purposes. In fact, up until 2005 no pressure group which opposed the views of anti vivisection even existed. If we were to go purely by the membership of these group prior to 2005, the data would indicate that 100% of the pubic supported anti vivisection.One of the main reasons as to why the pluralist image of group politics is bad, is that it doesn’t simply just disperse power more widely and empower ordinary citizen s, pressure groups simply tend to empower the powerful even more and it therefore increases political inequality. Pluralists argue back and say that political in equality is broadly democratic, in that most successful groups are the ones with the large membership base however in reality, the most powerful pressure groups are the one which have the most money, so this is another reason as to why pressure groups undermine democracy, because they increase political inequality.In conclusion I believe that there are several ways in which pressure groups do undermine democracy, however I agree with the pluralist view that allowing a wide range of beliefs and ideologies to flourish promotes democracy, mainly by educating the public into making informal judgements on current affairs.

Families of the Forest

ANTH 418 Final Paper This paper will be discussing the ethnography by Allen Johnson titled Families of the forest. The ethnography describes the Matsigenka people of Shimaa that live in the Peruvian Amazon. The paper will examine the Matsigenka culture, the needs and resources of the culture, and proposed projects to meet the needs of the culture. The Matsigenka of Shimaa live in isolation along river valleys and forested mountains in the Peruvian Amazon (Johnson,1999, p. 24). They live in small villages of about 7 to 25 people, that make up three to five nuclear family households (Johnson, 1999, p 3).The Matsigenka prefer to live in these hamlets and avoid interacting with people outside of their immediate family. The Matsigenka live a family level society and this helps them to avoid being exploited or to encounter enemies (Johnson, 1999, p. 6). Their isolated hamlets are very self-sufficient; â€Å"good land for horticulture is ample, however, and the low population density and w idely scattered small settlements has meant only minimal competition between family groups for what wild foods do exist† (Johnson, 1999, p. 21). They live off of fishing, foraging and horticulture and the most important food to the Matsigenka is insect larvae.This provides them with protein and dietary fats, which they can get year round from moths, butterflies, beetles, bees and wasps (Johnson, 1999, p. 36). The cultural values of the Matsigenka are not to far from that of Western culture. Much of their religious beliefs are stemmed from folklore and spirits which promote proper behaviors within the group. They can be calm, quiet, gentle, but also mean, aggressive, and violent. They might be less sociable in large groups, but â€Å"they are more courteous and thoughtful in individual interactions. They are less attracted to the lure of commerce and new value systems.Their commitment to freedom of the family unit is truly remarkable† (Johnson, 1999, p. 50). The Matsigen ka are a people that are at their happiest when left alone from outsiders and in their isolation. Much of their happiest in isolation stems from the fear of outsiders bringing in infectious diseases, which happened in the 1950s and 1960s when they first encountered Peruvians and Euro-Americans (Johnson, 1999, p. 75). They maintain societal standards for their hamlets that require independence and being able to live peacefully within a group.They do not have or give proper names to one another and when they do name a person it is usually referring to a deformity or amusing incident (Johnson, 1999, p. 20). â€Å"Somehow individual men and women must be highly self-reliant, motivated to do the necessary thing according to their own judgment with little encouragement (or interference) from others, and yet at the same time be generous in the family and avoid the impulsive expressions– especially of sex, aggression and greed– that can shatter even the strongest interpersona l bonds in closely-cooperating family groups† (Johnson, 1999, p. 10). â€Å"Courtship is generally open and a topic of delighted conversation at large. For many couples, courtship is a more or less public expression of mutual interest as they test the possibility of marriage† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). A married couple within the Matsigenka culture have established roles, they are partners with skills in separate areas of surviving. They seek to marry well and make sure to not marry a lazy person. They think that this will lead to an unequal marriage and the lazy person will always be dissatisfied (Johnson, 1999, p. 121). Matsigenka husbands and wives spend much time together in evident harmony and enjoyment of each other’s company. We frequently find them sitting side by side at home, working quietly at some task, talking and laughing together. At times they become playful and giggle or wrestle erotically† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). Anger does not play a large role in their marriages, but it does happen occasionally when there are beer feasts and the men become drunk. The men may even beat their wives who in return will runaway to the home of their brother or father.The Matsigenka understand that intercourse between a man and woman is what leads to pregnancy and that the woman always knows who the father of that infant is (Johnson, 1999, p. 78). They do practice abortions and infanticide if the child is not wanted or is believed to not be the husband’s baby. Abortions are used if the mother is a widow or already has enough young children, and it is considered the mother’s choice (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). In early childhood, â€Å"the matsigenka overtly do little to hasten a child’s development. Their style is best described as a gradual raising of expectations.They do not cajole a child to rise up and toddle toward them, but they welcome her when she does† (Johnson, 1999, p. 85). The child learns responsibility from interacting with the mother. The families feel they need to tame the willful child, so that the family can survive and multiply (Johnson, 199, p. 78). â€Å"Matsigenka siblings are close and affectionate. They spend most of their childhood in each other’s company, and interact seldom with other children. This is partly because there may be few other children around, but it is also a reflection of the nuclear-family centeredness of Matsigenka behavior† (Johnson, 1999, p. 14). Some hamlets send their children to school. The school is about an hour walk each way for most children. â€Å"The school acts as both a magnet and a repellent for Matsigenka households. Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 19 7).When reading the ethnography by Allen Johnson there are a few specific needs that would benefit the Matsigenka people of Shimaa. When assessing the needs of the Matsigenka community it begins with gathering the information from the ethnography and then applying it to the community problems. The first need involves their drinking water and the access to it. The Matsigenka get their water from the river closest to their hamlets but because of their desire for isolation and the danger, they do not live close to the river banks.When they are in a the season of high water or Kimoariniku the trails become become muddy and make it hard to travel. During low season the â€Å"little streams that supply household needs during dry high water dry up, forcing people to lug river water in heavy, sloshing gourds up steep trails to their houses. And dry spells occur of long enough duration that crops in well-drained fields begin to wilt under the intense sun and Matsigenkas anxiously watch the skies for welcome signs of rain† (Johnson, 1999, p. 34). The second need of the Matsigenka people is a latrine.Johnson mentions in his book that a house did have a latrine but most of the people would use strips of land where brush or cane grow to defecate (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). â€Å"These are preferred areas for urination and children’s defecation. Adults are fastidious about defecation, however, and prefer whenever possible to refrain until they are at the edge of an old garden or out foraging in the forest† (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). By having effective latrines they can ensure proper sanitation, the prevention of infectious diseases, and help keep their drinking water safe and clean. The Matsigenka are disgusted by feces (itiga), not only of other people but of any animal. The feces of toddlers, not yet toilet trained, are quickly collected into a leaf and disposed of† (Johnson, 1999, p. 208). The Matsigenka do try to maintain good health but they do n ot have the proper tools and means to make sure they do not develop any infectious diseases. They try to locate their homes in areas where a family is not living upstream from their location, this ensures that the water will not be contaminated by urination or feces. They have standards of cleanliness to which they adhere, and they respond to injury and illness with all the tools at their command. But their technology for dealing with health threats, and particularly with infectious diseases, is of limited effectiveness† (Johnson, 1999, p. 431). Johnson notes that they do not go around with dirt all over them and smelling bad. They usually sit on the dirt floor with a mat, wash themselves daily, wash their garments daily, and wash their hands before preparing food (Johnson, 1999, p. 431).They also make sure that any waste or garbage is thrown away from their homes and in a designated area. â€Å"But efforts at hygiene are in a sense a losing battle in Shimaa. In addition to p arasites, infections pass freely between members of a household or hamlet because of the continual affectionate touching and sharing between them† (Johnson, 1999, p. 434). The third need for the Matsigenka is the prevention of infanticide. â€Å"A small but significant proportion of women, again perhaps one in ten, contemplate killing their infants rather than raise them.Men may have attitudes in the matter, and may promote infanticide if they believe another man is the father, but it is primarily the woman’s decision and her action† (Johnson, 1999, p. 81). Johnson discusses that some women feel the need to kill their infant because they have been unable to stop it from crying after a few days. Not everyone in the hamlet feels that infanticide is right but most do feel that it is the mother’s choice. â€Å"The general belief is that troublesome children should be bathed in hot water, not given up on† (Johnson, 1999, p. 82).There is a need of prevent ion not only with the mother but also with those closest to the mother. Some of the mothers were told by others to kill their babies, either because they needed them to continue working or because a co-wife told them they cannot raise children (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). â€Å"In the difficult choices of abortion and infanticide, the mother has the ultimate say and performs the act, even when her husband or parent tries to influence her decision†(Johnson, 1999, p. 82). The final need involves the Matsigenka’s access to school and their participation in school.Education is important because it helps to increase income and knowledge which makes future generation better able to survive. Many Matsigenka people do not like the school communities because they involve being around people they do not know. â€Å"Although social relations are peaceful and courteous, in private there is a good deal of suspicion and accusation leveled against members of other hamlets† (Johnson , 1999, p. 49). Other Matsigenka school communities besides Shimaa are much more integrated, visit each other more often, and trade goods (Johnson, 1999, p. 49).This is why it would be beneficial for all members of the community to be more open and involved in the school systems. With more students attending the school there is more opportunity to have better teachers and a better education. Discussing the proposed needs of the Matsigenka cannot happen without having a proposed development project to accompany each need. The first need discussed was drinking water and the access to it. To gain better access to drinking water the Matsigenka people need manually drilled wells to help secure their water and make it more accessible. By working with the school ommunities they could work to gain donations and funding through organizations to help manually drill wells for the people. While doing this, information could be explained to the different hamlets on the importance of boiling the water to prevent infectious disease. The second need for the Matsigenka is latrines. This is an important project because it helps to prevent disease and keep people healthy through proper sanitation. Many places that use latrines collect the waste and transport it out to be processed for future use as compost. With Matsigenka’s isolation and lack of roads and transport this makes this process very difficult.The project being proposed is to still use latrines but use biodegradable clay or stones to build it so that when the latrine fills up, it can still be used for farming in the future. Another possibility is to use good bacteria to help compost the human waste faster to help prevent the odor and flies from accumulating. When there is too much smell and flies people will prefer to defecate other places than the latrines. An additional way to cut down on the flies and smell is to install a type of sky light or vent that is at the top of the latrine.By building the latrine it will help sanitation and prevent water from being contaminated. While building the latrines it will be important to inform people in the community of the importance of not to defecating in the surrounding areas that they are living. To help keep infectious disease and bacteria from spreading it will be important to inform the community on the important of washing their hands after use of the latrine. The Matsigenka are already practicing good habits by avoid the areas of used for urination and defecation, so this would help in their transition to using latrines.The third proposed development project involves the prevention of infanticide. The Matsigenka people also practice abortions which are done before a child is born. This will not be a debate regarding whether or not abortion is right or wrong but rather a discussion on preventative measures to protect babies that are already born. Infanticide is usually used as a way to control the population or because of stressful parental situations. The community in Shimaa leaves the decision to the mother on whether or not to kill her infant. This is why it is important to inform the mother on etter ways to soothe a crying infant and ways to handle stresses regarding the infant. A project could be to implement awareness in the schools on how to handle infants and what are the options outside of infanticide for them and their infant. This is not a problem that could be change overnight. It may take many years of education and awareness to see the number of deaths decrease. The last proposed development project is the need for more school communities and access to education. Education is incredibly powerful and when that knowledge is obtained it is something that cannot be taken away.Education for the Matsigenka people can mean opening up their communities to more opportunities to trade and increase their incomes. With more income they can afford to have stronger and more functional housing. More income can also mean better access to medicines and clinics so illnesses can be treated early. â€Å"Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security, comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 197).The Matsigenka people fear outsiders because of their fear of illness and their history with outsiders bringing influenza to their communities. â€Å"Always a topic of conversation, news of a viral infection in the neighborhood travels quickly. Families scatter to their alternative residences. They will stay away until they believe the danger has passed and the locale is again safe† (Johnson, 1999, p. 198). This will be a hard part of the project to handle but with proper sanitation, clean water, and awareness of proper hygiene their fear of outsiders bringing infection can be lessened. The Matsigenka are unique in their want of isolation.Most communities are looking to make sellable goods or use of their land, so that they can reach more people to have the possibility of more income. With more people coming to the Amazon in search of natural gas and to exploit their resources the Matsigenka people are going to have to become more aware and take more preventative action with the outside world. This means they need more information to protect against infectious diseases and to keep their community in the changing world. References Johnson, A. , (1999). Families of the Forest. Retrieved from http://www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html

Stop The Violence Steps Must Be Taken - 914 Words

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Gun Control An Effective Way Of Self Defense - 2101 Words

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The Effects Of Disfluencies And Social Anxiety - 2773 Words

The Influence of Disfluencies and Social Anxiety There has been a considerable amount of research conducted that suggests that individuals who experience disfluency of speech are more likely to experience more social anxiety when situated in social gatherings or social interactions. Current research has suggested that the relationship between social anxiety and disfluency to be is to be a complex one. Some researchers suggest that anxiety is a by-product of disfluency (Ezrati- Vinacour Levin 2004). While others view anxiety as the main cause of disfluencies (Kraaimaat, Vanryckeghem, Van Dam-Baggen, 2002; Mahr Torosian, 1999). Some researchers also view social anxiety as a general stress trait (Ezarti-Vinacour, 2004). However, there have been studies that failed to find that people who exhibit disfluency of speech are significantly more anxious than fluent speakers (Ezrati- Vinacour Levin 2004). To date research suggests that the relationship between the two still remains unclear due to differing methods and flaws in experimen tal controls. There is a lack of consistency across studies (Mahr Torosian, 1999). It is important to establish how disfluency and social anxiety are influenced together. Therefore, the purpose of this study is too establish how fluency of speech differs when involved in different social anxiety situations. Speaking in front of crowds or to strangers can be difficult for those who display disfluency of speech such as: stuttering andShow MoreRelatedStuttering Is A Communication Disorder That Involuntary Effects The Fluency Of Speech1479 Words   |  6 PagesStuttering Stuttering is a communication disorder that involuntary effects the fluency of speech. Disfluencies in speech include both â€Å"nonstuttered† and â€Å"stuttered† disfluencies. â€Å"Nonstuttered† disfluencies include interjections, revisions, phrase repetitions, and other. Everyone produces disfluencies in their speech at times making â€Å"nonstuttered† disfluencies more typical in speech. â€Å"Stuttered† disfluencies are less typical and include word repetitions, sound/syllable repetitions, prolongationsRead MoreStuttering Is The Most Common Speech Disorder1116 Words   |  5 Pages For a person who suffers from stuttering just the simple anticipation of a disfluency occurring can have a person filled with fear, anxiety and even anger. Stuttering can prevent people from wanting to engage in social situations with the fear of embarrassment that their disorder can cause them. Stuttering is a fluency disorder which causes interruptions in the flo w of speech. These interruptions are called disfluencies and can affect people of all ages. Although more than 70 million people stutterRead MoreChildhood Stuttering : A Narrative Review1553 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Stuttering: A Narrative Review Yaruss (2004) introduces childhood stuttering as a communication disorder characterized by atypical disfluencies that interrupt the smooth flow of speech. Some disfluencies, such as phrase repetitions, revisions, interjections, and pauses, are common in the speech of typically developing children; however, atypical disfluencies such as prolongations, blocks, and part or whole-word repetitions may be indicative of developmental, or childhood, stuttering (YarussRead MoreDomestic Violence : Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners1632 Words   |  7 Pagesworthy of seeking help, or they rationalize the abuse, believing they caused or deserve it. Police complain that often when they arrest an abuser, the victims want them to drop the charges. Effects of Domestic Violence Long-term effects of domestic violence on women who have been abused may include: †¢ anxiety †¢ chronic depression †¢ chronic pain †¢ death †¢ dehydration †¢ dissociative states †¢ drug and alcohol dependence †¢ eating disorders †¢ emotional over-reactions to stimuli †¢ general emotionalRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagescircumstances and discovered that many lacked ideas to engage their little siblings or felt uncomfortable interacting outside the university community.. In response to these concerns, I developed a plan to organize and advertise various on-campus group social activities. I excitedly outlined the projects various benefits and offered to coordinate the groups efforts, thereby overcoming the directors initial skepticism regarding the time commitment required. I organized the directors into pairs to brainstorm

Benefits of EHR Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Benefits of EHR Systems. Answer: Introduction: The business context for medical services is discussed in the context of a general practitioner; general practice provides continuing, individual focused, thorough and facilitated whole person medical services to people and families within their communities. The practice groups and their essential human relationships connections of general practice as a sector entail the establishments of a health care system that is successful and also effective. As a relationship based authority restorative teach, general practice clinicians are characterized by the attributes of their train, which are: Individual centredness: general professionals comprehend that wellbeing, ailment, and sickness are at last individual encounters and that their primary part is to ease individual infection in every one of its structures, in the way most appropriate to every person. The patient's needs, values and wanted wellbeing results dependably stay integral to the general professionals assessment and administration forms (The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners,n.d.). congruity of care: long haul connections construct common information, comprehension, and trust: every fundamental component in a restorative relationship which produces the potential for mending, strengthening and helpful change. General experts try to construct wellbeing, prosperity and versatility through the proceeding with patient-specialist relationship, utilization of best accessible confirmation in the one of a kind setting of every interview, and arranged coordination of clinical collaboration, assets and administrations. Comprehensive individual care: The general expert is a doctor, advisor, backer and specialist of progress for people, families and their groups. Demonstrative and restorative expertise: general professionals' abnormal state indicative and remedial abilities connected inside proceeding with connections convey financially savvy mind that is exceptionally esteemed by patients. The general professional is progressively the caretaker of, and course for, key patient clinical data. Continuous quality improvement of health-care services that is human-centered Clinical, professional, and ethical standards; practitioners must comprehend the financial and ecological determinants of wellbeing and the commitment made by other health care experts Advocacy, leadership, and equity : GPs add to the development of their train as indicated by individual interests, abilities and conditions through differing inclusions in educating, mentorship, and research General practice is an exceptional practice that provides a means for complete care and recovery, centered on the individual (The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners,n.d.) Therefore, health-care providers need a means for managing patient historical data, from collection (capture), storage, and access and ensuring this information is safe and secure and can be shared with related agents, such s insurance bodies, on a needs basis. Solution space vendor and software There are many EHR vendors within Australia; however, for this report, the top vendor In terms of practices using their services is discussed. The top EHR vendor in Australia is EpicTM, which has its EHR system used by over 101200 health care providers. Apart from being the largest vendor it is also the oldest, having been established in 1979 and caters to health-care centers of the medium to large categories (in terms of size), as well as children's facilities and medical educational institutions. According to ratings by KLAS, Epic has consistently emerged tops for the past five years to 2017 in terms of product quality, cost, support, patient outcomes, and meeting the operational and technical requirements of the health care providers (CureMD, 2017). Their EHR software is quick and easy to implement, use, and has high interoperability with other systems and applications, including insurance and imaging as well as with other medical teaching and research institutions. The EHR softwa re has open an architecture that comprises a Windows Services Suite; the suite comprises a web application, everywhere solutions, proxy services, print and relay services, a database for interconnectivity, and a prescription service. It also comprises an on-line transaction processing solution (OLTP) to support transactions over the Internet where data can be entered, and financial transactions handled. It has a customer relationship management function that can be achieved on the web and information sharing with other bodies such as insurance, for billing processing. The Epic EHR offer a common language for communication in the e Health arena, a CIM (conceptual information model), based on an interoperability platform as well as a cloud platform for remote and virtual access and backup for security and disaster recovery Epic EHR is a feature rich software application that offer ambulatory EMR (electronic medical records), a software for the management of medical practice, applications for outside practice, including PHR (personal health-care records), mobile applications and portals. Its EHR provides inpatient EMR solutions that cover all specialties and departments within medium to large hospitals. It includes services for patient registration and accounting, hospital billing, ADT, and a CR to enhance the customer experience (Customer service). It also includes an integrated ambulatory care features for affiliated clinics and physicians, allowing information exchange and sharing. While its services are not geared towards small practitioners, it has a feature that allows them to piggy back on the Epic EHR. It provides community health care providers and hospitals with the benefit of shared records and excellent technical resources at a lower cost compared to them hosing their own EHR/ EMR. For patie nts, it provides a patient portal (My Chart) from where patients can make schedules for appointments, print charts, and obtain results, all for free. The EHR incorporates a scalable EHR that provides a backbone for integrated medical services; it is a stable solution that is also fast and premised on a robust technology that allows for EMR, patient data capture, image management, appointments management, billing and financial management, human resources management and scheduling, prescription management, bed management, and general in and outpatient solutions. Having Epic EHR requires one to have a computer terminal; if it is a large facility, a server is necessary and a network to interconnect other workstations/ access points; the network allows for anywhere access. Even mobile devices such as tablets and mobiles can be used with the Epic EHR. A network (Internet) is necessary to take advantage of the cloud computing solutions that is integrated into it; in general, a robust IT infrastructure backbone is necessary for its operations. There are risks to implementing Epic EHR, given that it is an off-the shelf EHR; there are always challenges in interoperability with some information technologies, for instance, use of debit or credit cards for payments. The set up and maintenance costs can be way high for the average health care practice, given it focuses on medium to large facilities. Because of a host of features, its productivity may suffer if it is not well configured. There is always bound to be the risk of empty data fields and violations of personal information access and sharing as it stores sensitive information (Thakkar Davis, 2006). Epic EHR has an average operating margin of $ 8820, higher than the general industry average; the cost of Epic for a five hospital 300 bed facility will cost $ 52 million (Jhangiani, 2016). References 'Cure MD' (2017). Top EHR/EMR Software Vendors of 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017, from https://www.curemd.com/top-ehr-vendors/ Jhangiani, N. (2016, February 10). Why are hospitals choosing Epic over other EHR vendors? Retrieved April 28, 2017, from https://ehrintelligence.com/news/why-are-hospitals-choosing-epic-over-other-ehr-vendors Thakkar, M., Davis,, D. (2006). Risks, Barriers, and Benefits of EHR Systems: A Comparative Study Based on Size of Hospital . Retrieved April 28, 2017, from https://library.ahima.org/PdfView?oid=65614 The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (n.d.). The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Retrieved April 28, 2017, from https://www.racgp.org.au/becomingagp/what-is-a-gp/what-is-general-practice/

United they stand, divided they fall Essay Example For Students

United they stand, divided they fall Essay However useful scientific and historical explanations may be in predicting outcomes, there comes a time where neither one is favourable over the other, and even when the two work conjunctively, an explanation cannot be formed. When my apartment was broken into around two months ago, despite my bewilderment and disbelief of the situation, the manager stood firm on the grounds that the building locks were impenetrable, and that the burglar could only have gotten in with a copy of our keys. He also stated that it was virtually impossible to break in if the upper lock, which was guarded by a sturdy brass plate, was locked. He also reasoned that the building was under constant surveillance, and tenants were advised not to let anyone follow them through the entrance to the building. As the appropriate conclusion to the premises, and also taking into account my less than fully mature countenance, he deduced that in my carelessness I had forgotten to lock the door that day, and some delinquent had taken advantage of that. Albeit a reasonable and logical explanation from his perception, yet on that day I was above all certain that I had dutifully locked both locks before leaving, and had checked to make sure, once again rendering it impossible to break in without a key, which was also not likely since my father and I both presented the only keys to the apartment upon investigation. All of this conflicted with the managers reasoning. However, during the investigation my resourceful father also recounted an instance where I, in my hurry to get to school, had left the door wide open upon departure. We will write a custom essay on United they stand, divided they fall specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This provided the manager with a seemingly sound historical explanation that if I was capable of carelessness once, under similar circumstances I would also have that capacity. My emotional refutal of that claim did eventually clear my name, but to this day we have yet to find out who was it, and how they could have broken in and taken everything in our apartment that was worth anything. Some may argue that scientific and historical explanations are distinct and immiscible since they address different areas of knowledge. Science is more concerned with seeking universal laws to explain the phenomenons of the physical world. History, on the other hand, deals with unique and particular scenarios, and even with the deduction of a general law, cannot be further applied and extrapolated to every situation. Both of these explanations rise from the human desire to know ones surrounding environment and being able to not only account but to also account for their past actions. Not only will a good explanation accomplish both of these outcomes, it must also incorporate the two kinds of explanations discussed when perceiving and analyzing the situation. When the two are united they hold true, and divided they fall as an incomplete inference. Word count: 1396 Bibliography Doskoch, Bill. What are the Warning Signs of a Possible Recession? CTV News. 2009. 26 ddd January, 2009. 12 April, 2009. http://www. ctv. ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/ 20080125/recession_symptoms_080125/20080126/. Hempel, Carl. Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of ddddScience. New York: The Free Press, 1995. Hempel, Carl. The Function of General Laws in History. The Journal of Philosophy 39 dddd(1942): 38-45. Murzi, Mauro. Carl Gustav Hempel (1905-1997). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2009. 12 April, 2009 http://www. iep. utm. edu/h/hempel. htm. Stanford, Michael. A Companion to the Study of History. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. 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